Previously, various studies have indicated that resistance training and intense aerobic workouts can benefit brain health, among other things. Findings from a new study, however, reveal that regular exercise, even at low-intensity, can help older adults delay cognitive decline. This research promises big news for people at risk for dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. 

Light exercise includes stretching, balance, training, Tai Chi, aqua aerobics, or yoga. Earlier research suggests that intense physical activity could help prevent cognitive decline and dementia. This newer study focused on older adults already suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI). That is the stage between normal cognitive skills and dementia. People with MCI can experience mild memory loss and language issues, but it does not compromise day-to-day living. It is part of the EXERT study (Exercise in Adults With Mild Memory Problems), the largest rigorous trial of exercise ever conducted for adults with MCI.

Low-Intensity Activity Prevented Brain Shrinkage

• This study included about 300 older adults with MCI. These adults did not exercise regular and were divided into one of two groups:
• Moderate-high intensity: This group performed moderate-high intensity aerobic training, primarily by walking on a treadmill.
• Low-intensity: This group engaged in balance skill, light resistance training using resistance bands, and stretching. 

During the study, every participant exercised three to four times per week for one year. All of the training was completed under the supervision of a YMCA trainer. The study also included regular cognitive function assessments. The researchers compared this with an existing dataset of comparable people, who received usual care, including health checkups and medication management. All of that was through their medical provider.

Researchers expected to see a cognitive decline in the low-intensity exercise group compared to the moderate-high intensity exercise group. As it turns out, that was not the case. The key findings are as follows:

• Cognitive function was stable over the 12-month period in both exercise groups. 
• Both exercise groups displayed less loss of brain volume, including in the prefrontal cortex, over the course of the study. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for decision-making, executive function, and personality.
• Cognitive decline was significantly less for both groups during the study than for individuals outside the study. 
• Another interesting observation that researchers noted was that, in addition to slowing cognitive decline, exercise appeared to slow underlying brain changes typically associated with Alzheimer’s risk. 

No Sweating Required To Boost Brain Health

Researchers are hopeful because even lower intensity exercise can benefit brain health. Previous studies have made it clear that moderate- to high-intensity exercise is the minimum amount of exercise effort required to support memory and cognitive abilities. Unfortunately, that level of intensity is not feasible for every person, especially if they are older and not as mobile. If done correctly and regularly, any exercise can have cognitive benefits. 

If you have the ability to ramp up the intensity, you may experience benefits that extend beyond those that relate to the brain. The general recommendation is to engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week. Any kind of movement, however, will offer some protection to the brain, improve mood, and help mental health. 

Consistency Is The Answer

One of the key takeaways from this study is that consistency is key if you want to reduce the risk of cognitive decline. The exercise you should do is the one that you will actually do on a regular basis. Any form of movement is better than no movement at all. Make lifestyle changes that you can stick with, no matter how small they are, to get the ball rolling. Find a friend, an exercise buddy if you will, and go to fitness classes or find a fun activity to do together. You can also get a personal trainer, who will hold you accountable. Just remember to be consistent in whatever you decide to do.

Vincent Stevens

Vincent Stevens is the senior content writer at Dherbs. As a fitness and health and wellness enthusiast, he enjoys covering a variety of topics, including the latest health, fitness, beauty, and lifestyle trends. His goal is to inform people of different ways they can improve their overall health, which aligns with Dherbs’ core values. He received his bachelor’s degree in creative writing from the University of Redlands, graduating summa cum laude. He lives in Los Angeles, CA.