It’s a fact that nearly five million people worldwide live with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Rates continue to rise fastest in countries where ultra-processed foods dominate the diet. They are convenient, shelf-stable, and engineered to please your palate and so much more. When real, whole foods seem unattainable because of the cost, ultra-processed foods usually win.
What Are Ultra-Processed Foods
Ultra-processed foods are shelf-stable food and drink products that have undergone extensive processing. More often than not, they contain a long list of ingredients, including preservatives, additives, flavorings, emulsifiers, and other substances. They are manufactured to be ready to eat, and some of their characteristics include:
- The production of ultra-processed foods involves industrial techniques, such as extrusion, molding, and pre-processing of certain ingredients.
- Ultra-processed foods are convenient, designed for quick consumption, and are typically ready to eat (think instant noodles or packaged snacks).
- The ingredients in ultra-processed foods are not commonly used in home cooking, often containing preservatives, additives, flavoring agents, and so much more.
- Unfortunately, they are low in nutrients, despite being energy-dense. Ultra-processed foods lack many of the essential nutrients compared to whole foods, and they contain unhealthy amounts of added sugars, fats, and sodium.
What Did The Research Look At?
A growing body of research suggests that ultra-processed foods may be altering the gut, especially in regards to Crohn’s disease. A new narrative review compiled more than a decade’s worth of research examining the relationship between ultra-processed foods and Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Rather than focusing on one study, researchers analyzed population data, dietary interventions, and mechanistic experiments to detect whether a consistent pattern emerged.
Researchers found something that was both consistent and hard to ignore across large observational studies. People who ate more ultra-processed foods had a higher risk of developing Crohn’s disease. The link was much weaker for ulcerative colitis, which suggests that Crohn’s may be very sensitive to dietary exposures. The focus was less concerned with fat, calories, or carbs; rather, it was about the structure of the food itself.
Why Do Ultra-Processed Foods Stress The Gut?
Ultra-processed foods are industrial formulations made from additives and refined ingredients designed to enhance texture, flavor, and shelf-life. Artificial sweeteners, thickening agents, emulsifiers, colorants, and more are commonly scrutinized ingredients in ultra-processed foods. According to mechanistic studies, some emulsifiers seem to thin the gut’s protective mucus layer. That ultimately makes it easier for bacteria to come in direct contact with intestinal tissues. Other types of bacteria can alter gut microbiome, which reduces the presence of beneficial microbes and increases the presence of inflammatory ones.
There is no evidence that certain additives can increase intestinal permeability, or leaky gut. If that happens, bacterial fragments can cross into the bloodstream and activate immune responses. Over time, that low-grade immune activation can contribute to chronic inflammation common in Crohn’s disease. That does not happen overnight, but repeated exposure can slowly push the gut into a highly vulnerable state.
What is certain is that this research does not prove that ultra-processed foods cause Crohn’s disease. Most of the evidence is observational, but when population data aligns with biological mechanisms and clinical outcomes, the signal is hard to ignore. If you already have IBD, please understand that ultra-processed foods can worsen symptoms. Consider eliminating these foods from your diet to help induce remission, which has been proven in children.
Vincent Stevens is the senior content writer at Dherbs. As a fitness and health and wellness enthusiast, he enjoys covering a variety of topics, including the latest health, fitness, beauty, and lifestyle trends. His goal is to inform people of different ways they can improve their overall health, which aligns with Dherbs’ core values. He received his bachelor’s degree in creative writing from the University of Redlands, graduating summa cum laude. He lives in Los Angeles, CA.
