Ozempic, which is an injectable semaglutide, is one of the most popular type 2 diabetes drugs on the market. Within recent months, it has become more difficult to acquire because of how many people seek it out. There is one reason for the growing demand: dramatic weight loss, which is one of the common side effects. 

Wegovy, another drug and medicine, also contains semaglutide, which helps regulate blood sugar. Semaglutide helps people feel full and eat less because it curbs appetite and slows digestion in the stomach. Besides weight loss, other side effects of semaglutide include diarrhea, nausea, headaches, and constipation. 

Ozempic and Wegovy have been on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug shortage list for several months. Although there are other type 2 diabetes medications that work in a similar fashion, they don’t induce weight loss in the same way. Because of the shortage and high out-of-pocket cost, many patients decided to stop taking Ozempic. How could they maintain the same weight loss they experienced while taking the medication? That depends on each person, but it’s also possible to experience the following things after stopping Ozempic. 

Appetite Returns

While taking Ozempic, people eat less because semaglutide slows digestion. That keeps food in the stomach for longer and increases feelings of fullness. Ozempic also trigger changes in the brain that actually reduce hunger and curb feelings of satisfaction that accompany eating. For example, you may only be able to eat a few bites of pizza while using semaglutide, whereas you could eat half a pizza prior to using it. That rapid feeling of fullness goes away as soon as you stop taking Ozempic, causing you to eat more, so following a low-calorie diet becomes very difficult. 

You’ll Regain Weight

When you stop feeling full and your appetite returns, the first thing that you reach for is more food. The unfortunate reality is that medication, like Ozempic shouldn’t be the only treatment plan for people with type 2 diabetes or obesity. Healthy lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet and regular exercise, are necessary for long-term success and health. Without those lifestyle changes accompanying the use of Ozempic, users will most likely regain weight and suffer from poor blood sugar control.

Blood Sugar Climbs

For those with type 2 diabetes who take Ozempic to manage blood sugar, halting treatment may cause blood sugar to return to pre-medication levels. Endocrinologists explain that Ozempic treats the chronic disease of diabetes, so people can expect the condition to worsen once they stop using it. As previously explained, Ozempic helps people eat less, so stopping treatment may cause them to eat larger portions and more calories. All of that amounts to an increase in blood sugar. Even if people manage to control their eating habits once they stop taking Ozempic, blood sugar may still rise because the drug boosts insulin production, a hormone involved in blood sugar control.  

Ozempic Face Will Go Away

Experiencing rapid weight loss from Ozempic use can affect the skin and reduce fat all over the body, including the face. Ozempic users who lost dramatic amounts of weight reported that their faces appeared shrunken, dehydrated, and gaunt. Dubbed “Ozempic face,” this physical change is contingent with other instances of dramatic weight loss. Stopping Ozempic can reverse these facial changes, especially if users regain weight. If the face doesn’t return back to normal after stopping treatment, injectable facial fillers from a board-certified dermatologist or plastic surgeon can address the situation.

Side Effects Will Subside

In addition to weight loss, Ozempic users can experience nausea, constipation, vomiting, heartburn, gas, headaches, and dizziness. Not all users experience these side effects and some only experience mild versions of those side effects. How you eat and what you eat can also make a difference in whether you experience side effects or not. Reducing the consumption of dietary fat, consuming smaller portions, and not skipping meals can help reduce the chances of experiencing these side effects. Users that stuck with Ozempic treatment and still experienced those side effects would see them go away after stopping the medication.

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One of the most challenging dietary feats, besides switching to a raw vegan diet, is to reduce your caloric intake. It’s possible to do, but many low-calorie foods can leave you feeling hungry or unfulfilled between meals. This is primarily because they do not contain healthy fats, fiber, protein, and complex carbohydrates. That said, there are a surprising number of low-calorie foods that can keep you full. Continue reading to learn more about them. 

Berries

Low-calorie and low-carb alert, people! Strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, and blackberries  contain beneficial antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that benefit overall health. One cup of blueberries, for example, contains 86 calories but offers 3.6 grams (g) of fiber. Fiber, in addition to protein, has a big impact on your hunger and appetite. Berries contain a lot of pectin, a type of dietary fiber that has proven to slow stomach emptying and increase feelings of fullness in both human and animal studies. One study found that a 65-calorie afternoon snack of berries decreased total caloric intake later in the day compared to a 65-calorie snack of gummy candies. 

Air-Popped Popcorn

Before we tell you why you can have your popcorn and eat it too, please understand the difference between air-popped popcorn and buttered, movie theater popcorn. The popcorn you buy in packages that says “movie theater butter” on the label is not what we are referring to. Air-popped popcorn means that the kernels pop with heat and air, no oil or butter. You can put some kernels in a silicone bowl, cover the bowl, and microwave until they pop! Due to the high-fiber content, air-popped popcorn is one of the most filling, low-calorie snacks on this list. With only 31 calories in a cup, popcorn boasts 1.2 g of dietary fiber. In addition to slowing the digestive process to promote feelings of fullness, fiber also helps to stabilize blood sugar. Studies have found that popcorn can help enhance feelings of fullness more than other snack foods. 

Leafy Greens

On average, a one-cup serving of leafy greens contains anywhere from five to nine calories. This number will change if the greens are cooked or not, but the range we just specified applies to raw greens. That means you can consume a large serving of leafy greens without ingesting a lot of calories. Most leafy greens provide high amounts of folate, magnesium, iron, protein, and vitamins C, K, and A. You can enjoy large salads, add leafy greens to smoothies, or incorporate them into soups. 

Chia Seeds

Hailed as an incredible superfood, chia seeds offer a lot of protein, fiber, and omega-3 fatty acids. A one-ounce serving of chia seeds provides 138 calories, 4.7 g of protein, and 9.8 g of fiber. The soluble fiber in chia seeds absorbs liquid and swells in the stomach to create feelings of fullness. This can be observed if you mix chia seeds with liquid to make chia pudding. The seeds absorb the liquid to create a tapioca pudding-like texture. Some researchers observed that chia seeds can absorb 15 times their weight in water. They move slowly through the digestive tract to keep you full. 

Oats

A wonderful whole grain that is low in calories and high in protein and fiber, two nutrients that promote feelings of fullness. A half-cup serving of dry oats exhibits 154 calories, but the same cup packs 4 g of fiber and 5 g of protein. One study involving 48 adults found that eating oatmeal increased feelings of fullness and reduced hunger and caloric intake at the next meal. Another small study linked instant and old-fashioned oats to improved appetite control over a four-hour period. 

Legumes

Due to the high protein and fiber content, legumes such as peas, lentils, and beans can be very filling. One cup of cooked lentils provides 230 calories, in addition to 15.6 g and 18 g of protein. Several studies found that legumes have a powerful effect on hunger and appetite. A small study involving 43 young adults found that a high protein meal with beans, and peas increased feelings of fullness. The meal also reduced appetite and hunger more than a high protein meal with veal and pork. A review of nine other studies concluded that people felt 31% fuller after eating pulses, a type of legume, when compared to high-carb meals consisting of bread and pasta.

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If you understand flavors, you know that you cannot go wrong with the combination of lemon and basil. You typically see those two ingredients in a classic pesto recipe, but they work in salad dressings, marinades, sauces, and even this hummus. Because hummus is incredibly versatile, you can doctor it up to create a unique and memorable dip. You can enjoy hummus with pita chips, vegetable sticks, or as a spread on a sandwich. With so many flavor combinations, the hummus possibilities are endless!

Some of you might be wondering, “Why can’t I just buy hummus in the store? There are so many options that I enjoy.” Well, there is nothing better than making your own food. Secondly, hummus is a very easy dip to make and you know exactly what goes into it when you make it yourself. There are no added sugars, excess sodium, preservatives, or other ingredients that you cannot pronounce. Plus, you can whip up this batch of lemon basil hummus in about 10 minutes…and that includes prep time!

As with any hummus, you need chickpeas, which are naturally rich in protein and fiber, two nutrients that help keep you from unnecessary eating between meals. According to research, protein and fiber work together to slow digestion, a process that promotes feelings of fullness. Additionally, protein may increase levels of hormones in the body that reduce appetite. In fact, the filling effects of protein and fiber in chickpeas may help you reduce your total caloric intake.

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If you have ever engaged in intense workouts, you may have noticed that you leave the workout less hungry than you do after moderate workouts. Science confirmed this with a recent study published in the Journal of Endocrine Society. Higher-intensity workouts, specifically high-intensity interval training (HIIT) workouts, can temporarily suppress appetite and reduce total caloric intake. What’s more, it seems to have a greater effect on women. 

There is a growing body of research that indicates how essential exercise is for weight management. That is not to say that it only helps you burn calories; rather, it appears to influence how much you eat post-workout. But the relationship between exercise and appetite is not straightforward. It often defies the notion that increased activity automatically makes you have a ravenous hunger. Exercise does burn calories, but it also seems to impact the hormones that regulate appetite. 

The new research sheds light on how high-intensity exercise can influence ghrelin levels. Ghrelin is the hormone that stimulates appetite. In this article, we will explore this phenomenon and detail what the researchers observed during the recent study. 

Exercise Intensity Affects Appetite

This recent study investigated the effects of exercise intensity and sex on levels of ghrelin and appetite in untrained humans. It was a small study, consisting of eight males and six females, all of whom completed a maximal graded cycle ergometer lactate threshold (LT)/VO2peak test. 

Participants’ exercise intensity was determined on three randomized control or calorically-matched cycle exercise bouts. The first was no exercise, the second was power output at LT, and the third was power output associated with three-quarters of the difference between LT and VO2peak. 

The participants engaged in three cycling sessions. One session was controlled with no exercise. Another involved participants to cycle at moderate-intensity at their LT. And a third session was high-intensity at 7% of the difference between LT and VO2peak. The researchers looked at appetite using visual analog scales. 

Researchers observed that the females had higher levels of ghrelin and deacylated ghrelin (DAG) at their baseline than male participants. Both male and female participants exhibited reduced DAG levels in higher intensity groups compared to moderate intensity groups. That said, only the females had much higher levels of acylated ghrelin (AG) with high intensity exercise. Finally, hunger scores were higher in the group who performed moderate exercise compared to the no exercise group. 

More Key Findings In The Study

According to the study authors, exercise above the lactate threshold may be required in order to suppress ghrelin. Other key findings are as follows:

• High-intensity suppression: Higher intensity exercise suppressed plasma levels of ghrelin, AG, and DAG in men and women. The significant reduction of AG was only observed in women, though.
• Sex differences: Female participants demonstrated higher baseline levels of total ghrelin and DAG compared to male participants.
• Appetite perception: The feelings of hunger were stronger after moderate-intensity exercise compared to the no exercise control session. 
• Moderate-intensity effects: The moderate-intensity exercise either slightly increased ghrelin levels, or did not change existing levels at all. 

Conclusion

If you want to help suppress ghrelin levels, consider engaging in high-intensity exercise. The findings from this new study reveal that not all exercise yields the same results. High-intensity workouts, such as HIIT workouts, seem to be more effective at suppressing hunger and reducing caloric intake post-workout. Incorporating HIIT workouts into your fitness regimen, then, may help you take control of your hunger and achieve your health and fitness goals.

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The start of 2025 may be three months behind us already, but there is a lot of year left to make your resolutions become reality. Most people don’t feel that way by now, especially if their goal was to lose 20 pounds within the first three months of the year. There is no need to get discouraged because difficult things take time. If weight loss was easy, then everyone would do it without any issues!

Regarding weight loss, a lot of emphasis is placed on diet, and rightly so. If you eat unhealthy foods that make it harder to lose weight, you are only shooting yourself in the foot. For your own health, we encourage eating whole foods that offer a diverse mix of nutritional benefits. Take it one step further and focus on consuming the rainbow, e.g. a lot of different colored fruits and vegetables. 

It’s time to reframe what you know about weight loss, well, to a certain degree. Exercise is truly the non-diet-related factor that can influence how much you eat. Continue reading to learn more. 

How Does Exercise Influence Weight Loss?

When you think about exercising for weight loss, you most likely think of burning calories or increasing muscle mass. Interestingly enough, different research studies and reviews concur that exercise may also contribute to weight loss by regulating hunger and feelings of fullness. For example, a 2021 review noted that physical activity could modulate resting satiety and hunger in older adults. A separate 2018 study found that exercise facilitated weight control, partially by regulating appetite. 

Previous research from 2011 found that mixed-intensity aerobic exercise was temporarily able to reduce hunger sensations. Researchers also noted a reduction in acylated ghrelin (the hunger hormone) and relative food intake. Varying the intensity of your exercise, in theory, could be useful in terms of losing weight. 

How To Apply This Research

If you want to get more of a handle on your weight loss this year, make sure to include adequate exercise in your daily life, but don’t forget to vary your movements and workouts. Not only is exercise an effective way to regulate your appetite, but it also helps to keep your body strong. 

Given the available research on this topic, researchers concur that resistance training, low-intensity cardiovascular exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are great places to start. In addition to exercising for appetite regulation, consider keeping your hunger in check with our Metabolism Booster. This herbal supplement can assist with weight management, thyroid and liver function, and may aid in optimizing digestive health. Promoting healthy metabolic pathways may just help you maintain healthy body composition. 

Here’s What To Know

If you want to make weight loss one of your wellness goals for 2025, balance is everything. That statement can be applied to most things in this life, but it is especially true for weight loss. Strike a balance between exercise and healthy eating habits and you will get closer to your goal each day. Make sure to get enough movement every day because if you are eating right and the pounds are not dropping, lack of exercise may be the culprit. Go ahead and break a sweat to drop those pounds! We believe in you!

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Is there anything better than a good night’s sleep? You wake up in a good mood and when you sit up and get out of bed, it’s as though your body thanks you for that rest. Contrast to the mornings when you wake up after a minimal amount of sleep. You don’t feel like yourself and you usually see dark circles under your eyes. You feel sluggish and would give anything for a few more hours of sleep. 

Growing evidence indicates that sleep is necessary for maintaining long-term health. The body can typically handle a few nights with minimal sleep, but it is not sustainable over time. There will be a price you pay if you continually get insufficient sleep, according to health experts. In this article, we’ll detail some of the health problems linked to sleep deprivation.

Type 2 Diabetes

People who experience minimal sleep or poor quality sleep tend to have poorer blood sugar control, especially in people with diabetes. Additionally, sleep deprivation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to some studies. In a group of middle-aged Caucasians, researchers observed a strong connection between poor sleep quality and metabolic syndrome, fasting blood duster levels, insulin levels, and insulin resistance, a precursor for type 2 diabetes. 

Kidney Issues

Unfortunately, the link between insufficient sleep and kidney health has not been as firmly established as the link between poor sleep and other health conditions. Researchers note that people with chronic kidney disease tend to have sleep disorders, including restless leg syndrome and insomnia related to their condition. Some evidence shows that poor sleep quality may increase the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Researchers believe that the link could be related to disruptions to the circadian rhythm. 

Depression And Anxiety

According to research, people who have chronic insomnia have a higher rate of depression and anxiety. An estimated 40% of people with insomnia have clinical depression. The relationship between your mood and sleep is complex and bidirectional. That means that depression or anxiety can negatively impact sleep and lack of sleep can negatively affect your mood. Sleep experts consider insomnia to be an independent risk factor for developing mental health disorders, such as depression. You may need to address your sleep problems and anxiety or depression separately in order to improve your overall health. 

A Less Healthy Gut

The gut microbiome is a complex system of trillions of microorganisms found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Experts believe that the more diverse the microbiome, the better a person’s overall health is. Some studies suggest that altered sleep patterns, such as those consistent with night shift workers, may impact gut health. One study used Mendelian randomization, a method that looks at genetic variation to study the effects of different health variables. This study found that sleep issues may alter the abundance of bacteria in the gut. 

Hypertension, Stroke, And Heart Disease

According to the American Heart Association (AHA), the smallest changes in sleep have been linked to heart issues. After the clocks change in March, there are 24% more heart attacks for the first three to four days. When the clocks “fall back” in November, the AHA estimates a 21% reduction in heart attacks because people gain an hour of sleep. Sleeping for five hours or less per night on a regular basis has been associated with a two to three times greater risk of coronary artery buildup. That decreases the flow of blood to your heart, so sleep deprivation may increase the risk of coronary artery disease. 

Reduced Immune Function

Sleep experts suggest that insufficient sleep or poor sleep quality can harm immune function. Evidence shows that poor sleep increases your susceptibility to various infections and illnesses. Studies show that people who sleep less than seven hours per night are three times more likely to develop the common cold compared with people who get eight hours or more of sleep per night. 

Additional research states that insufficient sleep can make it more difficult for the body to produce disease-fighting antibodies, specifically after receiving flu, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B vaccines. Participants who only slept four hours per night in the days before and following vaccination developed lower levels of antibodies compared to those who had great sleep. 

Weight Gain

Unfortunately, there is a strong connection between sleep issues and being overweight or having obesity. Failure to get enough sleep every night can cause a hormonal imbalance, and these are the hormones that regulate appetite. Ghrelin makes you feel hungry and leptin helps you feel full. Leptin levels tend to rise during sleep, so the theory is that insufficient sleep causes a decrease in those levels. That makes you feel hungrier, which leads to unnecessary eating. Additionally, sleep disturbances of any kind can increase the production of ghrelin, which increases appetite. Studies suggest that insufficient sleep can make people burn 100 more calories per day. While that sounds wonderful, the extra wake time increases how much people eat or drink by more than 250 calories per day. Over time, that can cause people to gain weight.

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The liver is the largest internal organ in the body and is tasked with several important duties. It works to remove toxins, such as alcohol, from the bloodstream, regulates blood clotting, and aids with bile production. Much like most other organs and systems in the body, the liver is prone to damage based on certain lifestyle habits. The more damaged the liver is, the worse it functions. 

It’s estimated that liver disease affects 4.5 million adults in the United States. Liver disease is a broad term that encompasses different conditions, which impair healthy liver function. Liver conditions include liver cancer, hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sometimes, symptoms of an impaired liver happen immediately, but they can also take time to show up. Additionally, they usually don’t show up until there is significant liver damage. 

How do you know when something is wrong with the liver? How do you know what to do to address the problem? Hepatologists want you to know about the five most important warning signs of liver disease, and what to do if you notice them. 

Dark Urine, Even If You Are Hydrated

Usually, dark urine indicates dehydration, and it is quite common to see in the morning or after long periods without fluids. Dark urine is also typical for people with liver conditions. This is due to the buildup of bilirubin, which causes urine to appear dark orange, brown, or amber in color. If you regularly hydrate and still notice issues with urine color, something else is likely afoot, so consult your healthcare provider to determine the cause. 

Swelling In The Legs, Ankles, Or Abdomen

Swelling may not be the first thing you associate with the liver, but swelling in the legs and feet may indicate a problem in the body. This is especially true when you have cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver. Cirrhosis basically slows the flow of blood through the liver and increases pressure in the vein that delivers blood to it. The pressure in the portal vein, as it is called, can lead to fluid buildup in the legs and abdomen. The swelling may also occur if the liver cannot produce enough of certain blood proteins, such as albumin. 

Yellowing Of The Skin Or Eyes

Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, can be a subtle sign of liver disease. Jaundice occurs when there is excess bilirubin, which is a pigment created during the breakdown of red blood cells. The liver typically processes bilirubin and removes it from the body, but too much can cause jaundice and other liver issues. High levels of bilirubin, however, are not always a concern for adults, which is why it is crucial to speak with your healthcare provider if you notice jaundice. 

You Bleed Or Bruise Easily

It is possible for people with liver damage to bruise or bleed easily when injured. The reason this happens is because the liver produces proteins necessary for blood clotting. If the liver is not functioning optimally, then you are at greater risk of bleeding or bruising easily.

Confusion

It is perfectly normal to forget things from time to time. You walk out of the house without your lunch after just packing it, or you can’t find your sunglasses, which you put on your head. You should not ignore major changes in your mental state, though, as they may indicate liver problems or other underlying issues. A person who is generally healthy can develop acute liver failure, which can manifest in mental changes or disorientation, even personality changes. 

What To Do If You Think You Have Liver Damage

Do not dismiss liver issues, so do not dismiss these symptoms if you notice them. It is common for people to experience liver problems if they have type 2 diabetes, drink alcohol heavily or moderately, or share needles. It is also common to experience liver problems if there is a family history of liver disease. Discuss any liver damage symptoms with your doctor to determine the right course of action. Stool changes, appetite changes, and exhaustion are also symptoms of liver problems.

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People who have been diagnosed with clinical depression may experience a variety of cognitive challenges. Some people refer to the combination of these symptoms or changes as brain fog. Although brain fog is not a clinical diagnosis, it is a common group of symptoms that affect the way you remember, think, and concentrate. It’s possible to lose your train of thought mid conversation or execute ordinary tasks without challenge. 

Symptoms Of Brain Fog In Depression

For people with depression, brain fog symptoms are called cognitive dysfunction. Not every person who has depression experiences the same cognitive symptoms, let alone brain fog, with the same intensity. Generally speaking, depression affects the brain differently, and brain fog can manifest in the following ways:

• Challenges with memory: You may experience difficulty remembering what you wanted to do or forget what you were going to do. It may be necessary to write things down to remember them, or perhaps you may find that you lose things or miss important dates regularly.
• Delayed reaction time: It may take you longer to complete tasks and manage time more efficiently with cognitive changes. 
• Difficulty paying attention: It may be more difficult for you to complete a thought, follow conversation, finish tasks at work, or focus on a TV show, book, or movie. 
• Trouble with executive functioning: Your ability to make decisions may be challenging, which can potentially cause you to constantly worry about different outcomes. It may also be harder for you to multitask.

Cognitive challenges are not the only symptoms of depression. Brain fog has other causes and is not solely reserved for people with depression. In order to receive a diagnosis for depression, though, a healthcare professional will try to identify at least five out of nine formal symptoms. 

What Are Formal Symptoms Of Depression?

Although brain fog can be a symptom of depression, it is not categorized as a formal symptom. Formal symptoms of depression include:

• Reduced ability to enjoy special or everyday activities
• Appetite changes (eating less or more than usual)
• Low energy or lack of motivation
• Changes in sleep pattern (sleeping more or fewer hours than usual)
• Cognitive changes (including brain fog)
• Changes in the way you move (such as slower or quicker than usual)
• Thoughts of self-harm and death

If a doctor cannot determine that depression is the cause of brain fog, they may want to explore other options. Thyroid dysfunction, brain injuries, anxiety, and COVID-19 can all cause brain fog. 

How Do You Treat Brain Fog?

If depression is the cause of brain fog, you have to address depression, as treating brain fog does not get to the root of the problem. Additionally, untreated depression will only cause symptoms to worsen or intensify. Most health experts agree that psychotherapy is the first line of treatment for depression. Behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, interpersonal therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy are just a few options to help treat depression.

Cognitive behavioral therapy, according to experts, can be particularly helpful in reducing brain fog in people with depression. Lifestyle modifications may also reduce brain fog and improve other symptoms of depression. Depending on your preferences or needs, these lifestyle modifications may include:

• Limiting your intake of caffeine, sugar, and alcohol
• Engage in daily physical activity, such as walking, yoga, or strength training
• Focus on a nutrient-dense diet
• Try to manage stress by engaging in meditation or deep breathing exercises

Brain fog can be a symptom of depression, manifesting differently for different people. You may experience difficulty remembering things, following instructions, or focusing. Treating your depression first may help get rid of brain fog. Work with healthcare professionals in order to get the help and support you need. Many resources are available, so don’t be afraid to use them.

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It’s not uncommon to eat late at night. Perhaps you leave a concert or comedy show and have a hankering for some tacos, or you settle for whatever is open. Typically, the food you eat late at night, or even as a midnight snack, is not the healthiest. With new research stating that eating late at night may yield unwanted side effects, you may rethink your late night eating habits. 

Studying The Impact Of Late-Night Eating

Study authors stated that they looked at three key factors associated with obesity risk and weight regulation during the study. These three factors included: 

• Energy expenditure (calories burned)
• Appetite
• Molecular changes in fat tissue

In order to do this, they had 16 overweight or obese participants follow two meal schedules. The first schedule was an “early meal schedule.” The second one was the exact same schedule, only everything was four hours late. People ate at 5 p.m. for the first schedule and 9 p.m. for the second schedule. 

During both sets of meal schedules, participants noted their hunger levels, gave blood samples and had their temperature and energy expenditure measured. Study authors also collected data from some participants’ adipose tissue (body fat). They were also very careful to eliminate any compounding variables with protocol, including what the participants ate and sleep schedules. 

What Did The Research Find?

After reviewing the study findings, the study authors concluded that eating late is linked to obesity risk, especially in people who are already overweight or obese. When participants followed the later meal schedule, they woke up feeling hungrier, were less effective at burning calories, and had adipose tissue that displayed an increase in fat growth. Eating four hours later makes a big difference for hunger levels, the way a person burns calories after eating, and the way a person stores fat. 

Because the research only included overweight or obese participants, the study authors state that further research is necessary. Other studies are required to see if the results would translate to a larger population. Given that eating late at night can disrupt sleep and cause blood sugar spikes, though, it’s worth avoiding if you can help it. 

The Takeaway

If you eat late at night, or find that you frequently eat a snack before bed, you may want to ditch that habit. Ideally, you should have your largest meal during the middle of the day for lunch and eat a lighter dinner. That way, the body has more time to digest the food you eat. Nevertheless, more research is needed to determine exactly what eating late does to the body. This study simply encored the fact that you should avoid large meals and unhealthy options late at night. 

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It is no secret that antidepressants can cause weight gain, which is one reason people want to avoid them. A recent study highlighted exactly which antidepressants are more likely than others to increase body weight. Researchers examined the electronic health records of more than 183,000 people (aged 18 to 80) in the United States taking antidepressants for the first time. The team tracked overall weight for 24 months. 

Researchers compared various drugs to Zoloft, the most readily prescribed antidepressant among study participants. After six months, Zoloft users gained half a pound, and people taking Prozac experienced similar weight gain. Those prescribed Cymbalta, Paxil, and Celexa gained a little more on average. Lexapro users experienced the most weight gain of 1.4 pounds at the six-month mark. That number increased to 3.6 pounds after 24 months. Although people taking Wellbutrin did not experience weight gain at six months, they did gain a pound after 24 months. 

Researchers suggest that people who experience unwanted weight gain as a side effect of taking antidepressant are less likely to continue taking medication. That is why study authors wanted to compare weight gain across first-line antidepressants. Understanding this may help inform clinicians to make the best decisions for the overall health of their patients. 

Why Is Weight Gain A Common Side Effect?

The exact mechanism for weight gain is not fully understood, and it wasn’t explored in the study. Some researchers suspect a few reasons as to why antidepressants may cause some people to gain weight. Health experts believe that it has to do with an increase in serotonin, the chemical that plays a role in overall mood. 

Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil, and Celexa all raise serotonin levels. Similarly histamine receptors, such as tricyclic antidepressants, raise serotonin levels. Increasing serotonin can enhance a person’s appetite and cravings for carbohydrate-rich foods. Additionally, some research suggests that certain antidepressants can change metabolism by slowing metabolic rate. They may also influence insulin, make people sluggish and lazy, and promote fat storage. 

It is possible for some people to lose weight once they get off antidepressants, but that isn’t feasible for everyone. Some changes that result from taking antidepressants take a long time to wear off, for example, metabolic changes. The extent of weight loss after you discontinue antidepressants can vary depending on medication use, metabolic changes, and overall lifestyle. 

Balancing Weight Gain With Other Factors

According to health experts, weight gain is a factor to consider when deciding on an antidepressant. Not only can weight gain increase feelings of depression, but it can also exacerbate underlying medical conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or hypertension. Someone who is depressed may also feel overwhelmed by having to manage weight, in addition to their mental health. For this reason, clinicians need to be careful about addressing these concerns prior to prescribing antidepressants. 

Each class of antidepressants works differently, so medical professionals should consider a person’s symptoms and medical history. People with a history of seizures, eating disorders, or those who abruptly quit alcohol or sedatives should not take Wellbutrin. The reason for that is because it can increase the risk of seizures and cause other symptoms, including anxiety, insomnia, and risk of hypertension.

The good news is that antidepressants aren’t necessary for everyone. There are various actions a person can take to reduce symptoms of depression, with therapy being a great one. The main thing that mental health experts want is for people to take action. If you are struggling with depression, do not avoid mental health treatment options, especially if the fear is weight gain. There are many methods to treat depression, and medication isn’t always the answer. Additionally, it may not be the answer for you. Do your research and talk to your healthcare professionals to see what the right option is for you if you have depression.

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