What do we know about pooping? Well, we know that maintaining regular bowel movements is a key indicator of good digestive health. The frequency of bowel movements, however, can vary widely among people. When you understand what constitutes “normal” bowel habits, you can make the necessary changes or seek medical advice to maintain optimal digestion. So how often should you poop? Continue reading to find out. 

How Often Should You Poop?

Bowel frequency is an interesting topic of conversation. Many health experts suggest that it is perfectly normal to have anywhere from three bowel movements per day to three per week. One study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology confirmed that information, regardless of age or gender. There is also no general answer for how often you should poop, but people tend to have their daily bowel movement habits. If you poop three times per week or less, something is going on. We always say that eliminating between one to three times per day is an indication of optimal digestive health.

What Affects Poop Frequency?

Hydration

When you drink enough water, your stool softens and becomes easier to pass. That is why staying hydrated is an important factor for maintaining regular bowel movements. According to research, increasing your fiber and fluid intake can significantly enhance stool frequency. One study showed that participants who consumed 25 grams of fiber daily, in addition to two liters of water, showed greater improvements in stool frequency than those with lower fiber and fluid intake. 

Stress

Emotional stress and poor mental health can actually alter your bowel habits and affect frequency. Research suggests that psychological stress can influence functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A little stress can make it more difficult to empty the stomach, which stimulates colonic transit. That ultimately leads to alterations in stool consistency and frequency. Another study involved 10- to 16-year-olds and found that exposure to stressful life events was linked to bowel movements that occurred less than three times per week. Additionally, those bowel movements were often painful or strained. More research on children between the ages of nine and 10 found that psychological stress and negative family factors increased the rate of constipation. 

Physical Activity

It is well-documented that regular exercise stimulates peristalsis, the intestinal contractions that encourage bowel movements. One analysis found that vigorous exercise positively influenced women, but results were mixed among male participants. Another study found that moderate exercise, such as cycling or jogging, accelerated gut transit time, but did not alter stool weight or frequency. Additionally, a Nurses’ Health Study suggests that daily physical activity can lower the risk of constipation. 

Diet

Increasing fiber intake from vegetables, fruits, and whole grains can influence stool frequency. It is rather unsurprising, then, that vegetarian and vegans tend to have more frequent bowel movements than meat-eaters. That isn’t to say that all vegans and vegetarians have optimal regularity, but they do tend to eat more fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, and whole grains than meat-eaters. Another study found that increasing fiber intake increased stool frequency and made stool softer. Vegans with the highest fiber intake experience the most frequent bowel movements, even more than vegetarians and omnivores.  

What Does The Consistency Of Your Pooping Mean?

Both the consistency and frequency of stool is integral to overall health. The Bristol Stool Form Scale classifies stool types from 1 (hard lumps) to 7 (watery liquid). You want to be somewhere around type 3 or 4, which is considered normal. These types are well-formed stools that are easy to pass, meaning they are soft and sausage- or snake-like. You can support healthy pooping by: 

• Stay hydrated: drinking at least half your body weight in ounces of water per day. If you weigh 150 pounds and divide that by two to get. 75, you should drink 75 ounces of water per day.
• Exercise regularly: Movement leads to movement, if you catch our drift. Walking, jogging, swimming, and other forms of light to moderate exercise can benefit your digestive health. 
• Increase fiber intake: Ideally, aim to consume 25-30 grams of fiber per day. Aim to get your fiber from fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains. 
• Manage your stress: Experiment with different stress-reducing techniques, such as meditation, yoga, or breathing exercises to reduce stress and promote healthy bowel movements.

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When the sun is shining, you need a refreshing beverage, in addition to your water of course. You need to have water on you all day during these hot summer days, but you can enhance your hydration efforts, while delivering some much needed nutrients and electrolytes to your body, with this peach mango agua fresca. What is an agua fresca, you ask? The literal translation means “fresh water,” and it is a light, non-alcoholic beverage popular in Mexico and Central America.

Traditionally, an agua fresca blends fresh fruit with water and some sort of sweetener, typically a lot of sugar, and maybe a hint of lime juice, depending on the recipe. What separates this agua fresca recipe from the others is that it does not contain an entire bucket of sugar. The natural sweetness from the peaches is all you need, but you can add the optional agave nectar if the beverage is not sweet enough for your liking. You may also prefer the agave nectar if the lime you use has a little extra zing or zest to it, meaning it is tarter than you expect.

Unlike other juicing recipes, this one does not require a juicer. Blend everything together in a blender until it is very smooth and you no longer see any bits of peach or ginger. To serve, you have to pour the mixture through a cheesecloth or nut milk bag to avoid taking large gulps of peachy ginger pulp.

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A new study investigated the release of microplastics from natural and synthetic chewing gums. According to researchers, chewing a single piece of gum could release hundreds to thousands of microplastic particles into saliva. Those particles originate from the gum’s base, which tends to contain synthetic polymers. The study suggests that regular gum chewers may be ingesting significant amounts of microplastics without knowing it.

What Are Microplastics?

As the name suggests, microplastics are small pieces of plastic that range from one micrometer to five millimeters long. These synthetic solid polymeric matrices are insoluble in water. They cause pollution by entering natural ecosystems through a network of different sources, including clothing, cosmetics, food packaging, renovation, and construction. The actual term “microplastics” differentiates larger, non-microscopic plastic waste from the micro fragments. 

What Did The Study Show?

The pilot study was presented at the American Chemical Society’s spring 2025 meeting, revealing the dangers of microplastics entering saliva via chewing gum. The microplastics in saliva are potentially ingested, posing a larger risk to overall health. Researchers at UCLA conducted experiments involving a single participant who chewed seven pieces each of 10 different gum brands. The gums were both natural and synthetic varieties. Researchers took saliva samples after chewing and analyzed them using filtration and chemical analysis techniques, including microscopy, to quantify and identify microplastics. 

In order to ensure accuracy, microplastics that were present in initial rinse samples were subtracted from the ones researchers found in chewing gum saliva samples. The researchers tested 10 popular chewing gum brands of synthetic and natural gums. For clarification, synthetic gums are made from plastic-based polymers, while natural gums are derived from plant-based materials, such as chicle.

The participant chewed each type of gum, and this person’s saliva was analyzed after chewing each piece. The goal was to quantify the number of microplastics released while chewing each type of gum. Study authors focused on the initial minutes of chewing, the time during which most microplastic release was expected to take place. 

The Study’s Key Findings

Researchers observed that, on average, one gram of gum released approximately 100 microplastic particles. Some brands even released up to 600 particles per gram! That means that a large piece of gum could potentially release more than 3,000 microplastic particles. The majority of the identified microplastics were released within the first eight minutes of chewing. 

Both synthetic and natural gums released similar amounts of microplastics, averaging 100 particles per gram. The particles that researchers identified included polymers, such as polyolefins, polyacrylamides, polystyrenes, and polyterephthalates. These materials are commonly found in consumer plastics. For people who chew around 180 pieces of gum annually, that could result in ingesting over 30,000 microplastic particles per year. 

Dangers Of Microplastics

It should be noted that the study did not identify a direct link between microplastic ingestion from gum and certain health conditions. That said, other studies have found microplastics detected in various human tissues, including the lungs, placenta, bloodstream, and brain. The presence of microplastics in the body is linked to inflammation, organ dysfunction, and DNA damage. 

More research is still necessary about the specific risks from gum-derived microplastics. Health experts suggest that you avoid regular gum chewing due to the potential health risks associated with microplastic consumption. Some of those risks include:

• Chemical toxicity: Microplastic particles can carry environmental toxins, including heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which can be released into the body after ingestion.
• Gastrointestinal issues: It’s possible for microplastics to irritate the gastrointestinal tract, leading to general discomfort and inflammation. 
• Endocrine disruption: There are certain chemicals leached from microplastics that can interfere with hormone functions. That could lead to metabolic disorders and reproductive health issues. 
• Cellular damage: There are several studies that suggest that microplastics can cause DNA damage and oxidative stress.

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Although there are myriad cleaning products that are a bit more natural than traditional chemical-laden classics, they don’t compare to DIY non-toxic cleaners. You know exactly what goes into the products that you make yourself. There are no hidden fragrances or hard-to-pronounce names on products that you make yourself. And one the easiest household products to clean with is vinegar, which is probably in your pantry as you read this.

Distilled white vinegar, which is available in organic versions, is a powerhouse in the natural cleaning world. You don’t want the house to smell like pickles, though, so you have to include other ingredients, like citrus or essential oils, to mask the scent.

How To Clean With Vinegar

There are many surfaces that are acceptable to clean with vinegar. There are also a few things that vinegar can damage because of the low pH that can dissolve certain substances. Although vinegar is technically viewed as a weak acid, it is powerful enough to damage certain surfaces. Avoid cleaning the following surfaces with vinegar:

• Mold: Yes, vinegar does kill mold and you can use it for that; however, it may only scratch the surface of a larger problem. We will explain this in more detail a little later in the article. 
• Finished wood: Adding a little vinegar to a mop bucket may be acceptable on hardwood floors, but using too much, or using it on certain types of wood, can damage the finish. The same rule applies to furniture. 
• Tile grout: It is occasionally acceptable to use a diluted vinegar solution to keep sealed grout clean, but using too much vinegar too often can erode the grout. 
• Dishwashers and washing machines: This is controversial because a lot of people use vinegar to clean these appliances. Adding too much vinegar to these, or using it too often, can damage the rubber components over time. 
• Stone countertops: Vinegar can very easily damage marble, granite, and natural stone countertops. 

Window And Mirror Cleaner

If you want some spot-free shine on your windows and mirrors, vinegar is a highly effective ingredient. Forget the glass cleaner spray and mix one part vinegar with three parts water in a spray bottle. Add one or two drops of essential oil, such as lemongrass, and an optional 1/2 teaspoon of dish soap. Shake it up and use it to clean your windows, mirrors, and shower doors. 

Mold Remover

As previously mentioned, vinegar can be used to treat mold in certain situations. If you notice mold in your house, though, that may just be the tip of the iceberg, indicating a potentially serious issue. If you want to use vinegar to help get rid of mold, mix one part borax with four parts white vinegar together in a spray bottle. Spray onto non-porous surfaces, wait about an hour, and wipe away. The mold should wipe right off in areas where mold is miniscule. 

Toilet Cleaner

Vinegar is a great ingredient for breaking down minerals on hard surfaces. It is particularly effective when mixed with baking soda. Pour a little baking soda into the toilet and add one cup of vinegar, watch it bubble, scrub, and then admire the shine. 

Cabinet Cleaner

If you have oil buildup, food spots, or minor stains on your cabinets, vinegar can effectively remove them. Mix one part vinegar with three parts water and scrub the dirty cabinet with a rage or sponge. The vinegar helps cut through any grease, which leaves your cabinets shiny and clean. 

Hardwood Floor Cleaner

If you have hardwood floors in your house, you know that mopping and sweeping are par for the course. People have robot vacuums and such, but those aren’t as effective as a good old fashioned sweep and mop. It can be beneficial to mix 1/3 or 2/3 cup of white vinegar in one gallon of warm water to clean hardwood floors. Just be careful because vinegar can damage certain wood finishes, so check with the manufacturer before dumping vinegar on your floor.

All-Purpose Vinegar Spray

If you want an all-natural, all-purpose cleaning spray with vinegar, here is how to make it: 

• Add one part white vinegar and four parts water to a spray bottle. 
• Add about 10 to 20 drops of essential oil of your choice (citrus oils are great), and one teaspoon of natural dish soap. 
• Shake it up and use when ready. 
• This spray is great on high chair trays, baseboards, appliances, floors, walls, countertops (provided the surface), and sinks.

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The back-to-school season is a time for new opportunities and beginnings. For some students, especially those with compromised immune systems, the susceptibility to illness increases. Protecting your child(ren) and yourself against common colds or other infections that circulate the classroom can be a lot easier with the right steps in place. 

Developing a back-to-school routine is a challenge in and of itself. Waking up earlier, establishing a quick and efficient routine, and leaving the house on time can prove difficult, especially after summer vacation. Many health officials state that immune health is tied to diet, sleep, and exercise. Building a healthy diet and establishing movement and proper sleep hygiene can enhance immune function, which your child needs as they face the new school year. Hopefully, the following tips can help better prepare your child’s immune system for the back-to-school reality.

Get Plenty Of Sleep

The Sleep Foundation encourages school kids between the ages of six and 13 to get nine to 11 hours of sleep every night. Without sufficient sleep, the body has a more difficult time regulating biological rhythms. Not to mention, insufficient sleep makes the body more susceptible to sickness. If you or your child has trouble sleeping, there are practices that have proven to be quite effective. Click here to learn more about methods that help you fall asleep.

Drink Water

Water is essential for a healthy life because it has many roles in the body. Not only does it help with waste elimination, but it also helps the immune system function optimally. If the body is in a dehydrated state, it cannot effectively produce white blood cells, which help fight off bacteria, pathogens, and viruses. Drinking plenty of water can also help flush toxins from the body, which keeps the immune system functioning optimally. Need help getting your kiddos to drink more water? Spice it up by adding fresh fruit to the water, or consider blending some fruit with water to make a healthier rendition of a punch.

Eat The Right Foods

Dietitians agree that one of the best ways to boost the immune system is to eat the right foods. Focus on fruits and vegetables because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that boost the function of immune cells. High-fiber foods also work to maintain a healthy digestive system. What foods do you eat to encourage better immune function? Consider packing the following snacks in your child’s lunch: 

• Oranges: One orange can have up to 75% of the daily value (DV) of vitamin C. 
• Mandarins: Mandarins pack a considerable amount of vitamin C and make for the perfect lunch snack. They are easy to peel, easy to put in lunches, and their seedlessness makes them easy to enjoy!
• Sunflower seeds:  Make sure to opt for the unsalted, shell-less sunflower seeds because they are very easy to eat. Sunflower seeds are also rich in vitamin E, which exhibits antioxidant effects in the body. 
• Almonds: Similar to sunflower seeds, almonds are naturally rich in vitamin E, which helps to fight off free radicals and boost immune function. They also contain heart healthy fats, protein, and lots of fiber. 
• Broccoli: It may be very difficult to get your child to eat broccoli, but it is an excellent source of vitamin C and sulforaphane, both of which encourage immune function. Sneak broccoli into meals like broccoli tater tots or fruit smoothies!

Exercise Regularly

It’s no secret that kids like to run amok like they haven’t a care in the world. The important thing to remember is to not let your child immediately plop on the couch or bed and watch TV or play video games from the time they get home to the time they go to bed. Even if your child is active in school sports or playground activities, make sure they remain active outside of school hours. This is especially important as they progress through the year and the weather starts to cool off. 

Maintain A Healthy Weight

Childhood obesity is a serious problem in the United States, and it puts children and adolescents at risk for poor health. Between 2017-2020, 19.7% of children between the ages of two and 19 were affected by obesity. Obesity prevalence between two- and five-year-olds amounted to 20.7%, and 22.2% among six- to 11-year-olds. Data revealed that obesity prevalence was higher in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children than it was in non-Hispanic White children and non-Hispanic Asian children. Aside from decreased immune function, obesity increases the child’s risk of other health problems. Consult your family doctor if you notice the child’s weight is becoming a problem.

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During the summer months, melons are the freshest they will ever be, no matter if it is a watermelon, cantaloupe, or honeydew. The honeydew, and other melons, have a rich water content, aiding your hydration efforts during those hot summer days. Most melons are over 90% water and in the case of honeydew, it also offers iron, calcium, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, fiber, vitamin A, lutein, folate, and beneficial fatty acids.

Honeydew isn’t the only hydrating ingredient in this smooth. Cucumber also brings with it a boatload of water and other integral nutrients that contribute to healthy bodily function. It provides vitamin K, vitamin C, and other antioxidant compounds. The chia seeds offer beneficial omega-3 fatty acids that work to enhance brain, gut, and heart health. We don’t just want to bore you with a long list of nutritional benefits, though. Ultimately, this smoothie is about the incredibly refreshing flavor!

Because this smoothie contains honeydew and banana, you probably do not need to add the maple syrup. That is entirely up to you, but consider omitting it first, taste the smoothie, and add the maple syrup if you really crave a sweeter flavor profile. The spinach is also optional, but adds more nutrients. You don’t have to worry about that leafy green ruining the flavor of the smoothie at all. You can’t even taste it! As long as you have a sweet and scrumptious honeydew, that’ll be the primary flavor you taste when you enjoy this smoothie.

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An estimated 63% of adults in the United States drink sugar-sweetened beverages at least once per day. Although these fizzy, sugary drinks are very popular, they are the number one source of added sugar in the American diet. Too much of the sweet stuff can increase the risk of developing numerous health problems, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease. 

Soda has an addictive quality. That sugary, refreshing carbonation, especially when it is just the right amount of chilled, makes it seem like nothing is wrong in the world. If consumed in excess, though, these beverages can be quite unhealthy and dangerous for your health, due to the calories and sugar content. A single 12-ounce can of soda contains about 36 grams (g) of sugar, which is more than the recommended daily intake (RDI). To help you kick your soda habit, continue reading to learn about seven healthy soda alternatives. 

Iced Or Hot Green Tea

Potentially one of the healthiest soda swaps you can make, green tea is free of sugar, unless you add some. With only a handful of calories, green tea is refreshing hot or cold. Unlike soda, green tea contains powerful antioxidants that may help reduce inflammatory markers. Beyond the anti-inflammatory benefits, green tea may also help slow cell aging and reduce overall body weight. Brewing it at home means that your tea will not contain added sugars, unless you add a little sweetener yourself. If you do sweeten your green tea, add some raw agave nectar, stevia, or raw honey. 

Fruit Or Veggie Water

Cucumber water is not something that you only enjoy at the spa. Add a little pop of flavor to your regular iced water by adding in some fresh fruit, vegetables, or herbs. Not only is it calorie-free, but the fruit or veggies also add a little pizzazz, extra hydration, and electrolytes to your water. Water helps to hydrate the body, aid in the transportation of nutrients throughout the body, and support digestion. Don’t buy infused water, as it can contain added sugars or hidden flavors. To get the most flavor in your water, allow the fruit, herbs, or veggies to infuse in the water for about two hours before you drink it. 

Homemade Lemon Lime Soda

If you have a love affair with citrus-flavored, sugary soda, you do not have to give it up; rather, you just have to make a healthier version instead. Begin with a glass of plain sparkling water. Add a few slices of lemon or lime (or both) and a dash of stevia, which is calorie-free. If you do not like the flavor of stevia, skip the stevia and consider monk fruit sweetener or a small squeeze of raw agave nectar. Additionally, add some freshly squeezed lemon or lime juice to the glass and then enjoy!

Iced Coffee

If it isn’t the fizz but the caffeine that you crave from soda, you do not need all that sugar. A healthier beverage choice for caffeine consumption is plain iced coffee. Research suggests that drinking black coffee in moderation can benefit certain health conditions, including dementia, depression, heart disease, metabolic disease, and stroke. The thing to keep an eye on is the add-ins. We are, of course, referring to syrups, creams, milks, etc. If you try to stay away from caffeine later in the day, consider a small cup of decaf coffee, as it contains the same beneficial antioxidants as the fully-caffeinated stuff.

Coconut Water

A quick word about coconut water: be cautious when you buy this nectar of the gods. A lot of store bought coconut water can contain added sugars, preservatives, and other unhealthy ingredients. There are many healthy options, though, including fresh coconut water that comes from young Thai coconuts. Unsweetened coconut water only contains 12 g of sugar per cup, but it also contains potassium, magnesium, and sodium, three integral electrolytes. Even though coconut water contains natural sugars and fewer calories than soda, the numbers still add up, so be careful not to consume too much. 

Kombucha

Even though kombucha is technically fermented tea, it will satisfy your carbonation craving while reducing your sugar intake. Many reports suggest that kombucha consumption leads to better gut health and faster metabolism. Additional studies are needed to test the health effects of this tangy beverage, but it is arguably better than soda. It does contain a small amount of alcohol, so you may want to avoid it if you are sensitive, pregnant, or nursing. 

Plain Sparkling Water

Filtered water is not always as satisfying as a cold glass of soda, primarily because it lacks carbonation. If the fizz is what you seek, consider drinking a glass of seltzer or sparkling water. Some research suggests that carbonated water may aid digestion and increase feelings of fullness. If you want to lose weight or want to avoid sugar for health reasons, please be advised that not all sparkling waters are created equal. Tonic water, for example, contains quinine, a compound that gives it a bitter flavor. Plus, tonic water has over 32 g of sugar in a 12-ounce can. Additionally, flavored sparkling waters may have hidden added sugars by way of the “natural flavors.”

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Flaking, itchiness, and dryness can be signs of a dry scalp. Perhaps you spend a lot of time in the sun, wash your hair too frequently, or use the wrong hair care products. Whatever the case, having a dry scalp can be a real bummer. You don’t want to have to worry about whether or not you have visible flakes on your shoulders or hair. The good news is that you can make a few simple changes to moisturize the scalp and hair.

What Is Dry Scalp?

Not to be confused with dandruff, dry scalp is different, even though it exhibits similar symptoms, primarily flaking and itchiness. If your scalp is dry, the skin becomes irritated and flakes off. Dandruff is the result of too much oil production on the scalp, in addition to an overgrowth of yeast, Malassezia, that already exists on the skin. You can tell the difference between dandruff and dry scalp because dandruff flakes are larger and may look oily and have a yellow tint. Dry scalp typically produces small, dry flakes. 

Dry Scalp Causes

The primary reason that a person experiences a dry scalp is due to lack of moisture, which can have several causes. Changes in weather, washing hair too frequently, using certain hair products, age, and different skin conditions (such as psoriasis or eczema) can cause dry scalp. Certain hair products may cause contact dermatitis, which occurs when the chemicals in those products react negatively with the skin. Some products also strip the hair and scalp of their natural oils, which reduces moisture content. Additionally, too much sun exposure without proper protection can burn the scalp, causing dryness and irritation. All of those things and more can harm the scalp’s natural moisture defenses. Basically, you can damage the outer layer of skin and experience flakiness and itchiness. 

Avoid Alcohol In Hair Care Products

If you notice alcohol on the ingredient lists of any of your hair care products, throw them out. The reason for this is because alcohol dries out the scalp. It tends to be used in a lot of styling products to help hair dry faster. Alcohol also wicks moisture from the hair and scalp. In addition to alcohol, look for other drying ingredients, such as menthol, eucalyptus, and sulfate. Those ingredients actually cause a pH imbalance on the scalp!

Protect The Scalp From The Elements

The scalp can experience sunburn, just like any part of the body exposed to sunlight. Once the scalp is burnt, you can experience irritation, but it doesn’t just become irritated from sun exposure. Extreme dry and cold weather can cause dryness and itchiness. To prevent this from happening, wear a hat in the summer and a beanie in the winter to shield the scalp from the elements. The more you protect your scalp and keep it covered when outside, the healthier and happier the scalp will be. 

Change Up Your Shampoo Routine

If you feel your scalp drying out on you, reduce the amount of times you wash your hair in a week. Over-washing can strip the scalp and hair of natural oils, which are already lacking if you regularly experience dryness. You may want to consider changing up your shampoo, especially if you notice dry scalp on a somewhat regular basis. As we mentioned earlier, steer clear of shampoos that contain sulfates and alcohol. Instead, look for nourishing, moisturizing ingredients, such as coconut oil, jojoba oil, argan oil, or avocado oil. Some shampoos also contain ingredients that offer anti-fungal and anti-yeast properties. 

Hydrate 

Failure to drink enough water every day can do more than impair digestive function. The skin, including your scalp, can experience dryness, flakiness, itching, and irritation if you are dehydrated. The itching and dryness can actively damage the skin, making you more susceptible to dandruff. Make sure that you drink enough water every day by drinking half your body weight in ounces of water. Keep a water bottle next to you at all times, adding cucumber or lemon to it to increase your desire to hydrate. You can also drink herbal teas and eat water-rich foods to promote hydration.

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Do you feel a bit of brain fog in these hotter months? It’s logical to think that your sleep pattern may be to blame, but the heat may have a bigger influence on brain health than you realize. A few summers ago, researchers in Boston studied young adults living in college dorm rooms during a heat wave. Some of the participants had central air conditioning (AC) and slept in a 71-degree Fahrenheit (F) environment. Other participants did not have AC and the room averaged 80 degrees F.

For nearly two weeks of the study, students took a few tests every morning administered via their cell phones. The students who had to sleep in the hotter environment performed measurably worse on the tests than the students who slept in the cooler environment. One of the tests involved math, requiring simple addition and subtraction. A second test, the Stroop test, jumbled words and colors. If the participants saw the word “red” in a blue circle, they had to respond “blue,” according to the study authors. 

If your reaction time is slower, then you may get tripped up more easily on certain questions. Researchers behind the study found that heat slows your reaction time. In fact, they saw reductions in the order of 10% in response times and accuracy. Part of that may stem from interrupted sleep, or lack of sleep. When the sleeping environment is hotter and you are not accustomed to heat, it is much more difficult to get quality sleep. That said, a body of research suggests that the heat itself interferes with cognition. 

What Does Other Research Say?

A similar study from 2021 documented reduced cognitive performance at temperatures of 79 degrees F. As the temperatures rose during the study, researchers observed lower activity in the parasympathetic nervous system, which is the anti-stress system that can help you remain calm. Additionally, researchers noticed that oxygen saturation levels in the blood were much lower at higher temperatures. That most likely explained the reduction in cognitive performance. 

Other studies found that higher temperatures in an office setting made office workers score lower on standardized tests. One of those studies found that productivity in the workplace was higher when the air temperature averaged 72 degrees F. Productivity began to decrease once temperatures reached the mid-70s. Additional research found that high school students performed more poorly on standardized tests when the days were hotter. Hotter days also made students more irritable or moodier, which may result from elevated cortisol levels. Too much cortisol in the body can induce frequent stress responses. 

Given that extreme heat waves are more common nowadays, health experts are more interested in understanding how heat can influence mechanisms that influence anxiety-related problems and mood. A study from 2022 found that hospital visits for mental health-related issues rose during extremely hot weather. That is consistent with what a lot of physicians explain. 

How Do You Combat The Effects Of Heat?

First and foremost, you need to hydrate as much as possible when the weather is hot. In hotter weather, you lose more sweat, so you have to replenish those fluids. In addition to water, drink electrolyte beverages (preferably not sugary sports drinks) that help replenish lost nutrients. In regards to the first study we discussed at the beginning of the article, students that slept in hot rooms drank less than six glasses of liquid per day. Prior research showed that being slightly dehydrated led to impaired cognitive performance. Drink plenty of water to keep your physical and mental health working optimally!

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One of the scariest things about heat stroke is that people are not aware of when they are in danger until it’s too late. By the time symptoms occur, you are too confused or delirious due to nerve damage. If you want to ensure that your health is never in harm’s way during hot weather, take preventative measures to hydrate the body and keep yourself cool. Additionally, avoid actions that increase your risk of developing heat stroke, such as engaging in hot yoga or exercising in direct sunlight. 

What Is Heat Stroke?

Heat stroke is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is no longer able to regulate its internal temperature. That causes core temperature to rise rapidly, typically to temperatures above 104 degrees Fahrenheit. That is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate attention to save your life. Without prompt treatment, heat stroke can result in organ damage, brain injury, or even death. The two primary types of heat stroke are:

• Classic (non-exertional) heat stroke: This type of heat stroke affects vulnerable populations, including young children, older adults, and people with chronic illnesses. It usually occurs after prolonged exposure to high temperatures in poorly ventilated areas during heat waves. You do not need to physically exert yourself to develop this type of heat stroke. 
• Exertional heat stroke: This type of heat stroke affects healthy, active individuals, especially military personnel, laborers, and athletes. They perform intense physical activity in hot and humid conditions, and heat stroke can progress rapidly. 

Once the body’s core temperature rises, all of the innate processes that are in place to regulate core temperature break down. That creates serious, life-threatening problems, such as loss of consciousness or organ damage. If the heat index is higher than 90 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit, the number of deaths caused by heat illness increases. Do your best to stay cool and prevent heat-related illness and heat stroke with the following tips. 

Avoid Sugary Drinks, Caffeine, And Alcohol

Hydration is the goal when the weather is hot, so there is no sense in drinking beverages that dehydrate the body. Avoid sugary drinks, alcohol, and caffeine because they dehydrate the body by increasing urination and expediting electrolyte loss. Consuming too much sugar can also lead to inflammation, which makes heat stroke even worse. Sports drinks are marketed to keep you hydrated during physical activity, but many of them contain excess sugar and added chemicals. Opt for a natural electrolyte drink instead, such as unsweetened coconut water, mineral water, and even pickle juice. 

Check Your Medications

There are many medications that can increase the risk of heat stroke. The reason for this is because they affect how the body reacts to the heat, or they interfere with your salt and water balance. Some medications that can alter the body’s ability to deal with hotter temperatures are:

• Laxatives 
• Diuretics
• Antihistamines
• Antibiotics
• Medications for seizures
• Antipsychotics 
• Antidepressants
• Drugs for heart disease, cholesterol, and blood pressure

Drink Lots Of Water

The most important thing you can do for the body when the weather is scorching is to drink a lot of water. The heat makes you sweat, which means that you lose both water and electrolytes. Drink two to four cups of water every hour when you are outside or exercising. If you wait until you are thirsty to drink water, you are already in a mild state of dehydration. Keep drinking water to lower your risk of heat stroke, and make sure that your children and those higher at risk do the same. 

Eat Hydrating Foods

In addition to drinking water, you can also eat water-rich foods. Many fruits and vegetables contain a lot of water, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other valuable electrolytes that benefit the body. These fruits and vegetables can help you maintain fluid balance, keep blood pressure levels in check, and aid with nerve signaling. Some of the best hydrating foods include:

• Watermelon
• Tomatoes
• Cucumbers
• Grapes
• Kiwi
• Coconut water
• Zucchini
• Bell peppers
• Berries
• Pineapple
• Broccoli
• Avocado
• Radishes

Avoid Direct Sunlight

If you are sensitive to hot weather, avoid heat stroke by limiting your time in direct sunlight. If you have to be outside, do your best to find shade, or bring an umbrella and hat to keep yourself shaded. Midday heat is the worst, so do your best to avoid being outside during that time of day. If you want to exercise outside, schedule your workouts earlier or later in the day when the temperatures are cooler.

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